"Has anyone witnessed any examples of criminals abusing artificial intelligence?" That's a question security firms have been raising in recent years. But a new public/private report into AI and ML identifies likely ways in which such attacks might occur - and offers examples of threats already emerging. The most likely criminal use cases will involve "AI as a service" offerings, as well as AI enabled or supported offerings, as part of the wider cybercrime-as-a-service ecosystem. That's according to the EU's law enforcement intelligence agency, Europol, the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute - UNICRI - and Tokyo-based security firm Trend Micro, which prepared the joint report: "Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence".